OkHttp 3.x 源码解析之Interceptor 拦截器

Okhttp系列文章

Posted by Tamic on 2017-07-15

Tamic /
http://blog.csdn.net/sk719887916/article/details/74308343

#OkHttp拦截器原理解析

拦截器

Java里的拦截器是动态拦截Action调用的对象。它提供了一种机制可以使开发者可以定义在一个action执行的前后执行的代码,也可以在一个action执行前阻止其执行,同时也提供了一种可以提取action中可重用部分的方式。
在AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming)中拦截器用于在某个方法或字段被访问之前,进行拦截然后在之前或之后加入某些操作。

过滤器

过滤器可以简单理解为“取你所想取”,忽视掉那些你不想要的东西;拦截器可以简单理解为“拒你所想拒”,关心你想要拒绝掉哪些东西,比如一个BBS论坛上拦截掉敏感词汇。

  • 1.拦截器是基于java反射机制的,而过滤器是基于函数回调的。
  • 2.过滤器依赖于servlet容器,而拦截器不依赖于servlet容器。
  • 3.拦截器只对action起作用,而过滤器几乎可以对所有请求起作用。
  • 4.拦截器可以访问action上下文、值栈里的对象,而过滤器不能。
  • 5.在action的生命周期里,拦截器可以多起调用,而过滤器只能在容器初始化时调用一次。

Android里面过滤器大家用的已经无法再陌生了,Filter就是一个很好的列子,在清单文件注册Filter就可以过滤启动摸某个组件的Action.

Okhttp拦截器因此应运而生,处理一次网络调用的Action拦截,做修改操作。

OKHTTP INTERCEPTOR

使用

okhttp拦截器用法很简单,构建OkHttpClient时候通过.addInterceptor()就可以将拦截器加入到一次会话中。

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OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.addInterceptor(new LoggingInterceptor())
.build();

拦截器

拦截器是Okhttp一种强大的机制,可以监视,重写和重试每一次请求。下面示列了一个简单的拦截器,用于记录传出的请求和传入的响应。

class LoggingInterceptor implements Interceptor {
  @Override public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {
   Request request = chain.request();

   long t1 = System.nanoTime();
   logger.info(String.format("Sending request %s on %s%n%s",
   request.url(), chain.connection(), request.headers()));

   Response response = chain.proceed(request);

   long t2 = System.nanoTime();
    logger.info(String.format("Received response for %s in %.1fms%n%s",
   response.request().url(), (t2 - t1) / 1e6d, response.headers()));

return response;
  }
}

调用chain.proceed(request)是每个拦截器实现的关键部分。这个简单的方法是所有HTTP工作发生的地方,产生满足请求的响应。

拦截器可以链接。假设您同时拥有一个压缩拦截器和一个校验和拦截器:您需要确定数据是否已压缩,然后进行校验和,或校验和然后压缩。OkHttp使用列表来跟踪拦截器,拦截器按顺序调用。

应用拦截器

拦截器被注册为应用程序或网络拦截器。我们将使用LoggingInterceptor上面定义来显示差异。

注册一个应用程序通过调用拦截器addInterceptor()OkHttpClient.Builder

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
      .addInterceptor(new LoggingInterceptor())
       .build();

Request request = new Request.Builder()
     .url("http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
     .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Example")
      .build();

Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
response.body().close();

URLhttp://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt重定向到https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt,OkHttp自动跟随此重定向。我们的应用拦截器被调用一次,返回的响应chain.proceed()具有重定向的响应:

INFO: Sending request http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt on null
User-Agent: OkHttp Example

INFO: Received response for https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt in 1179.7ms
Server: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 1759
Connection: keep-alive

我们可以看到,我们被重定向是因为response.request().url()不同request.url()。两个日志语句记录两个不同的URL。

网络拦截器

注册网络拦截器是非常相似的。调用addNetworkInterceptor()而不是addInterceptor();

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OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.addNetworkInterceptor(new LoggingInterceptor())
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url("http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
.header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Example")
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
response.body().close();

当我们运行这个代码时,拦截器运行两次。一次为初始请求http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt,另一个为重定向https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt

INFO: Sending request http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt on Connection{www.publicobject.com:80, proxy=DIRECT hostAddress=54.187.32.157 cipherSuite=none protocol=http/1.1}
User-Agent: OkHttp Example
Host: www.publicobject.com
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip

INFO: Received response for http://www.publicobject.com/helloworld.txt in 115.6ms
Server: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 193
Connection: keep-alive
Location: https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt

INFO: Sending request https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt on Connection{publicobject.com:443, proxy=DIRECT hostAddress=54.187.32.157 cipherSuite=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA protocol=http/1.1}
User-Agent: OkHttp Example
Host: publicobject.com
Connection: Keep-Alive
Accept-Encoding: gzip

INFO: Received response for https://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt in 80.9ms
Server: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 1759
Connection: keep-alive

网络请求还包含更多的数据,例如Accept-Encoding: gzip由OkHttp添加的标题来广播支持响应压缩。网络拦截器Chain具有非空值Connection,可用于询问用于连接到Web服务器的IP地址和TLS配置。

##在应用拦截器和网络拦截器之间如何让进行选择?

每个拦截链有相对优点。

应用拦截器

  • 不需要担心中间响应,如重定向和重试。
  • 总是调用一次,即使从缓存提供HTTP响应。
  • 遵守应用程序的原始意图。不注意OkHttp注入的头像If-None-Match。
  • 允许短路和不通话Chain.proceed()。
  • 允许重试并进行多次呼叫Chain.proceed()。

网络拦截器

  • 能够对重定向和重试等中间响应进行操作。
  • 不调用缓存的响应来短路网络。
  • 观察数据,就像通过网络传输一样。
  • 访问Connection该请求。

重写请求

拦截器可以添加,删除或替换请求头。还可以转换具有一个请求的正文。例如,如果连接到已知支持它的Web服务器,则可以使用应用程序拦截器添加请求体压缩。

final class GzipRequestInterceptor implements Interceptor {
   @Override public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {
   Request originalRequest = chain.request();
   if (originalRequest.body() == null || originalRequest.header       ("Content-Encoding") != null) {
     return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
  }

  Request compressedRequest = originalRequest.newBuilder()
      .header("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
      .method(originalRequest.method(), gzip(originalRequest.body()))
      .build();
   return chain.proceed(compressedRequest);
 }

 private RequestBody gzip(final RequestBody body) {
    return new RequestBody() {
    @Override public MediaType contentType() {
       return body.contentType();
    }

     @Override public long contentLength() {
        return -1; 
        // We don't know the compressed length in advance!
     }

     @Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
       BufferedSink gzipSink = Okio.buffer(new GzipSink(sink));
       body.writeTo(gzipSink);
       gzipSink.close();
      }
    };
  }
}

重写响应

对称地拦截器可以重写响应头并转换响应体。这通常比重写请求头更危险,因为他可以篡改违反了网络服务器的数据的本意!

如果在棘手的情况,并准备应对后果,重写响应标头是解决问题的有效方式。例如,可以修复服务器配置错误的Cache-Control响应头以启用更好的响应缓存:

private static final Interceptor REWRITE_CACHE_CONTROL_INTERCEPTOR = new Interceptor() {
   @Override public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {
  Response originalResponse = chain.proceed(chain.request());
   return originalResponse.newBuilder()
  .header("Cache-Control", "max-age=60")
  .build();
  }
};

通常,这种方法在补充Web服务器上的相应修复程序时效果最好!

工作原理

1 Interceptor代码本质:

拦截器源码:包含基础的RequestResponse 获取接口,并有Connection接口

public interface Interceptor {
  Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException;

  interface Chain {
  Request request();

   Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException;

   /**
    * Returns the connection the request will be executed on. This is  only available in the chains
    * of network interceptors; for application interceptors this is  always null.
   */
  @Nullable Connection connection();
 }
}

2 .Connection是神马东西?

Connection是一次面向连接过程,这里包含基础的协议ProtocolSocketRouteHandshake

`public interface Connection {

  Route route();


  Socket socket();

  @Nullable Handshake handshake();

  Protocol protocol();
}

Handshake是ohkttp自己的握手机制,里面包括了SSL验证过程,这里不做源码分析,这里提供了基础Https的认证的基础根方法,本文不做探讨。

Interceptor怎么被调用:

发起请求

OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
 Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://github.com/hongyangAndroid")
            .build();
//new call
Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request); 

进行newCaLL

RealCall(OkHttpClient client, Request originalRequest, boolean forWebSocket) {
    final EventListener.Factory eventListenerFactory = client.eventListenerFactory();

    this.client = client;
    this.originalRequest = originalRequest;
    this.forWebSocket = forWebSocket;
    //这里就是处理拦截器的地方!
    this.retryAndFollowUpInterceptor = new RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(client, forWebSocket);

   // TODO(jwilson): this is unsafe publication and not threadsafe.
   this.eventListener = eventListenerFactory.create(this);
 }

处理请求拦截

@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();

streamAllocation = new StreamAllocation(
    client.connectionPool(), createAddress(request.url()), callStackTrace);

int followUpCount = 0;
Response priorResponse = null;
while (true) {
  if (canceled) {
    streamAllocation.release();
    throw new IOException("Canceled");
  }

  Response response = null;
  boolean releaseConnection = true;
  try {

    //也就是这里进行上层注入的拦截拦截
    response = ((RealInterceptorChain) chain).proceed(request, streamAllocation, null, null);
    releaseConnection = false;
  } catch (RouteException e) {
    ......
    continue;
  } catch (IOException e) {
    // An attempt to communicate with a server failed. The request may have been sent.
    boolean requestSendStarted = !(e instanceof ConnectionShutdownException);
    if (!recover(e, requestSendStarted, request)) throw e;
    releaseConnection = false;
    continue;
  } finally {
    // We're throwing an unchecked exception. Release any resources.
    if (releaseConnection) {
      streamAllocation.streamFailed(null);
      streamAllocation.release();
    }
  }

  .......
}

Response proceed()方法很简单,内部使用集合进行遍历,一个反射进行真实数据处理! 其通过内部的Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);
其实就回调到了你实现的intercept(Chain chain)的接口,一次闭环结束!

处理返回拦截

使用者都知道我们每次进行一次请求调用call.execute() ,真正的response也在这里开始,拦截器也从这方法为导火索。

Override 
public Response execute() throws IOException {
  synchronized (this) {
  if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
  executed = true;
  }
captureCallStackTrace();
try {
  client.dispatcher().executed(this);
  //处理拦截了
  Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
  if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
  return result;
} finally {
  client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}

}

如果到这里你还未能猜出内部机制,这里也不用在介绍,通过处理请求拦截的介绍,你一也应该明白内部进行拦截器集合循环遍历,进行的具体处理。

到此明白了Interceptor的工作原理我们就可以愉快的使用他来完成一些功能了。

这里我我做了一个图 更能理解整个过程,只理解拦截机制,Okhttp源码流程带后续继续分析。

这里写图片描述

更多功能

增加同步cookie

Retrofit2.0 ,OkHttp3完美同步持久Cookie实现免登录(二)

实现OKhttp的Interceptor器,用来将本地的cookie追加到http请求头中;采用rxJava的操作

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public class AddCookiesInterceptor implements Interceptor {
private Context context;
private String lang;
public AddCookiesInterceptor(Context context, String lang) {
super();
this.context = context;
this.lang = lang;
}
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
if (chain == null)
Log.d("http", "Addchain == null");
final Request.Builder builder = chain.request().newBuilder();
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences("cookie", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
Observable.just(sharedPreferences.getString("cookie", ""))
.subscribe(new Action1<String>() {
@Override
public void call(String cookie) {
if (cookie.contains("lang=ch")){
cookie = cookie.replace("lang=ch","lang="+lang);
}
if (cookie.contains("lang=en")){
cookie = cookie.replace("lang=en","lang="+lang);
}
//添加cookie
// Log.d("http", "AddCookiesInterceptor"+cookie);
builder.addHeader("cookie", cookie);
}
});
return chain.proceed(builder.build());
}
}

实现Interceptor器,将Http返回的cookie存储到本地

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public class ReceivedCookiesInterceptor implements Interceptor {
private Context context;
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences;
public ReceivedCookiesInterceptor(Context context) {
super();
this.context = context;
sharedPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences("cookie", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
}
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
if (chain == null)
Log.d("http", "Receivedchain == null");
Response originalResponse = chain.proceed(chain.request());
Log.d("http", "originalResponse" + originalResponse.toString());
if (!originalResponse.headers("set-cookie").isEmpty()) {
final StringBuffer cookieBuffer = new StringBuffer();
Observable.from(originalResponse.headers("set-cookie"))
.map(new Func1<String, String>() {
@Override
public String call(String s) {
String[] cookieArray = s.split(";");
return cookieArray[0];
}
})
.subscribe(new Action1<String>() {
@Override
public void call(String cookie) {
cookieBuffer.append(cookie).append(";");
}
});
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();
editor.putString("cookie", cookieBuffer.toString());
Log.d("http", "ReceivedCookiesInterceptor" + cookieBuffer.toString());
editor.commit();
}
return originalResponse;
}
}

修改请求头


Retrofit,Okhttp对每个Request统一动态添加header和参数(五)

okHttpClient.interceptors().add(new Interceptor() {  
   @Override

public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {
       Request original = chain.request();

    // Request customization: add request headers
    Request.Builder requestBuilder = original.newBuilder()
   .addHeader("header-key", "value1")
   .addHeader("header-key", "value2");

    Request request = requestBuilder.build();
     return chain.proceed(request);
  }
});

实现缓存

Rxjava +Retrofit 你需要掌握的几个技巧,Retrofit缓存,

兼容的库

OkHttp的拦截器需要OkHttp 2.2或以上版本。但是是,拦截器不支持OkUrlFactory,或者依赖Okhttp的其他库,包括Retrofit≤1.8和 Picasso≤2.4。

参考资料

Okhttp官方GitHub Wiki以及APi文档

Tamic /
http://blog.csdn.net/sk719887916/article/details/74308343

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